Tag Archives: math

Online classes Pakistani Tutors

Online classes Pakistani Tutors

Top Pakistani Tutors Online Classes

Expert Online Education at Al-Saudia Virtual Academy

Online classes by Pakistani Tutors, Explore how Al-Saudia Virtual Academy, a leading premier online tutoring service in Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, offers a diverse team of Pakistani tutors specialized in various subjects.

With an emphasis on personalized learning and catering to international curriculums, these expert tutors provide top-notch education through a virtual learning environment, ensuring convenience, flexibility, and affordable options for students worldwide.

Discover the advantages of choosing Pakistani tutors and how they enrich the academic journey of students, creating success stories along the way. Join Al-Saudia Virtual Academy today and experience the difference in online education.

Discover the leading Pakistani tutors at Al-Saudia Virtual Academy. Get expert online tutoring for math, physics, chemistry, Biology, Statistics and more, Serving Pakistan and Saudi Arabia.

Online Classes for Junior Students

Experience the power of Online Pakistani Tuition at Al-Saudia Virtual Academy, Pakistan’s first and largest online tuition academy.

Our expert Pakistani tutors are dedicated to building a strong foundation for your child’s academic success. Join us to eliminate the hurdles of studies and provide your child with the attention they need to thrive.

Also, Our foundation building classes cater to students who may not be performing well in their schools and require regular check-ins for their online work and assignments.

We understand that parents in Western countries like the USA, Canada, Australia, and the UK may have busy schedules and find it challenging to monitor their child’s academic progress and assist with assignments.

Let us bridge that gap and guide your child towards a brighter future through our comprehensive Online Pakistani Tuition program.

Best and Expert Pakistani tutor:

Get the best Pakistani tutor! Our experienced tutors have decades of teaching expertise, focusing on challenging subjects like math, geometry, and algebra, tailored to meet every student’s needs.

Special math Classes for Kids

Looking for Math tutors for kids? Our special math tutoring program is designed to make algebra and other math concepts easier to understand for children in their earlier stages of learning. Our worksheets emphasize mental math techniques, which not only help boost students’ confidence in problem-solving but also equip them with valuable skills for their academic journey.

Moreover, The positive feedback from parents who have witnessed the transformation in their children’s education brings us immense satisfaction. Our students are excelling in their marks and becoming actively engaged in their class activities.

Furthermore, At Al-Saudia, we strive to be an institute of trust, continuously seeking ways to enhance our foundation programs. We hire professionals to make our programs more powerful and effective. Additionally, Your valuable suggestions and feedback are crucial to our improvement, and we welcome you to share them with us via email at info@pakistanonlinetuition.com. Thank you for your support!

Join Al-Saudia Virtual Academy

Al-Saudia Virtual Academy, your ultimate destination for online tuition in Pakistan. We take pride in being one of the largest, most reliable, and trusted tutoring academies operating worldwide. With a strong commitment to academic excellence, we offer online tutoring services that cater to students from all corners of the globe.

Expert Online Classes By Pakistani Tutors

We reach students in Saudi Arabia (Riyadh, Dammam), Kuwait, Qatar (Doha), Bahrain, and the UAE (Dubai, Abu Dhabi).  However, we don’t stop there; our tutoring services cover almost every English-speaking country worldwide.

At Al-Saudia Virtual Academy, we prioritize delivering high-quality education to our students. Our dedicated tutors provide personalized attention, empowering each student to reach their full potential.

Whether your child needs help in Math, Science, English, or any other subject, we offers a flexible and convenient solution. We are committed to fostering a love for learning and academic success among our students.

Join us at Al-Saudia Virtual Academy, where knowledge knows no bounds, and education transcends geographical barriers. Together, let’s embark on a journey of learning and growth.

Online Chemistry Tuition Pakistan

Online Chemistry Tuition Pakistan

In Search for best & Expert Online Chemistry Tutor?

Contact Us!

Online Chemistry Tutoring Service Pakistan

Online Chemistry Tuition Pakistan, Welcome to Al-Saudia Virtual Academy, the world’s best online chemistry tuition platform in Pakistan. We take immense pride in offering top-notch online tutoring services, making us Pakistan’s first and largest online tutor academy. With a strong focus on chemistry tuition, our expert tutors are dedicated to helping students excel in this complex subject. Whether you’re struggling with concepts or aiming to achieve academic excellence, our tailored approach to teaching ensures personalized attention and support. Join us at ASVA and embark on a transformative learning journey with our exceptional chemistry tutors, right from the comfort of your home. Let’s unlock the mysteries of chemistry together!

"</strong

Get the Best & Expert Pakistani Chemistry Tuition: 

If you’re seeking an expert chemistry tutor in Pakistan for online tuition, look no further! Tutors Academy in Karachi, Pakistan, offers exceptional online tutoring services, connecting you with highly qualified tutors who specialize in chemistry. With their extensive knowledge and teaching expertise, they ensure a seamless and enriching learning experience. For convenience, we provide online tuition in Karachi, Pakistan, where you can access private tutors from the comfort of your home. Whether you require assistance with fundamental concepts or want to excel in advanced chemistry topics, our expert online chemistry tutors are here to guide you. Contact us at +923323343253 or on Skype at ascc576, and take your chemistry knowledge to new heights with our dedicated team of tutors!

Best Academy of Chemistry in Pakistan

If you’re seeking a top-notch Chemistry Academy with expert online tuition in Pakistan, look no further! Our Chemistry Tutor Pakistan team at Tutors Academy Karachi offers exceptional online tutoring services, tailored to meet your individual learning needs. With a wealth of experience and in-depth knowledge, our dedicated tutors ensure a comprehensive understanding of the subject. Whether you require assistance with complex concepts or need help with exam preparation, our expert Chemistry tutor online is here to guide you every step of the way. For the finest online tuition in Karachi Pakistan, contact us at +923323343253 or reach us on Skype at ascc576. Unlock your true potential in Chemistry with our proficient and reliable Chemistry Academy.

Online Chemistry Tuition Pakistan  Academy

Pakistan largest online Tuition, Al-Saudia Tutor Academy site Pakistanonlinetuition.com has the best database of all levels of Chemistry tutors.
We do not charge you anything in form of commission for providing the professional Chemistry tutors.
Scoring perfect 100% in Chemistry is now definitely possible with the Chemistry online tuition assistance from our Chemistry tutors.

Find the Best Chemistry Tutors with Al-Saudia Tutor Academy

Experienced and Qualified Tutors:

With over 40 years of experience, Al-Saudia Tutor Academy offers top-class Chemistry tutors with expertise in the subject and years of teaching experience at all levels.

Effective Teaching Methods:

Our tutors are skilled in handling students and use innovative approaches to make Chemistry learning engaging. They provide excellent self-made notes, tests, and reference materials to ensure effective guidance.

Dedicated and Professional:

Our tutors are dedicated, professional, and passionate about helping students achieve their goals. They have a clear, soft-spoken voice, making online tuition sessions interactive and interesting.

Quality Tutoring:

Al-Saudia ensures quality tutoring by employing a tough selection process and continuous feedback from students. Thousands of satisfied customers vouch for our tutors’ effectiveness in delivering successful results.

Complete Support:

Chemistry tutors are available in Karachi and Lahore, and they offer complete support with timely notes, test papers, and reference books for comprehensive preparation.

Reach Your Targets:

Our tutors are committed to helping students reach their targets, whether it’s scoring 100% marks or excelling in Chemistry. Achieve success with the guidance of experienced Chemistry tutors from Al-Saudia Tutor Academy.

Mathematics Tutor USA

Mathematics Tutor USA

Call Us: +92-332-3343253

Skype Id: ascc576

Email at: info@pakistanonlinetuition.com

 

Mathematics Tutors USA

Online Mathematics Tutor for USA Curriculum

Are you looking for a highly qualified and result-oriented online mathematics tutor for the USA curriculum? Look no further than our dedicated team at Mathematics Tutor USA. We pride ourselves on being the right place to find expert tutors who are well-versed in the intricacies of the USA curriculum.

Pakistan’s Best Online Tuition for Mathematics

At Pakistan Online Tuitions Academy, we offer the best online tuition services for mathematics. Our academy, Al-Saudia Virtual Academy, is Pakistan’s first and largest online tutor academy. We provide highly experienced and well-educated tutors who are dedicated to delivering excellent results.

Expert Tutors for USA, UK, and Canada

At Al-Saudia Virtual Academy, we understand the importance of qualified tutors who can cater to students from different countries. That’s why we offer expert tutors who are not only experienced but also well-versed in the curriculums of the USA, UK, and Canada. Our tutors have taught professionally in esteemed colleges, schools, and universities, ensuring they bring a wealth of knowledge and expertise to every tutoring session.

Proficient in Different State Curriculums

Our experienced tutors at Pakistan Online Tuitions Academy are proficient in teaching various state curriculums of America. They have in-depth knowledge of the specific requirements and nuances of each state’s curriculum. This expertise ensures that our tutors can provide targeted instruction, tailored to meet the needs of students studying in different states of the USA.

In summary, whether you’re seeking an online mathematics tutor for the USA curriculum, the best online tuition in Pakistan, or expert tutors for different countries, our academy is here to provide highly qualified and dedicated tutors who deliver exceptional results. With our tutors’ experience in various educational institutions and their familiarity with different curriculums, you can be confident in their ability to meet your academic needs.

Basics of Algebra
Equations and Inequalities
Linear Relations and functions 
System of equation and Inequalities
Matrices
Quadratic Functions and Inequalities
Complex Numbers
Polynomial Functions 
General Function
Conic Sections
Radical Functions and Rational Exponents
Sequences and Series
Rational Expressions
Trigonometry
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Basics of Geometry
Parallel Lines and the Coordinate Plane
Congruent Triangles
Properties of Triangles
Quadrilaterals and Polygons
Similarity
Trigonometry
Right Triangles
Circles
Surface Area and Volume
Constructions
Transformations
Basics of Calculus
Functions and Binary Relations
Graphs of Function and Relations
Straight Lines
The General Equations of Straight Lines
Sequence and Limit of Sequences
Limit of a Function
Differentiability

Mathematics Worksheets

 Integration Made Easy

By Masood Amir

Mathematics Worksheets Mathematics Worksheets, ASVA provide calculus and Algebra worksheets.

Calculus:

To measure change or variation of a function with respect to the independent variable we use Calculus.

Differential Calculus: (Mathematics Worksheets)

Differrential Calculus used to measure change or variation of a function in a very small invterval of time.

Integral Calculus:

The branch of calculus used to measure changes or variation over an interval of independent variable, called Integral calculus, e.g to find length of curve, the area of region and the volume of a solid in a specified period of time.

The technique used to measure such changes or variation called “Integration” or “Antiderivatives. It a reverse process of differentiation.

Mathematically, Integration  defined as “ If f'(x) represents the differential coefficient of f(x), we need to find f(x), if we have f'(x) or dy/dx.

Integration

Notation: ''∫'' used to show the integration, it is a symbol of ``S'' derived from the word ``Sum''. i.e. Integration is a process in which we have to sum up the derivatives over a specified interval and to find the function.

Techniques of Integration:

As we know that integration is the reverse process of differentiation, our problem is to find the function f(x) or Y, when f'(X) or dy/dx is given.

dy/dx  &= f'(X)

∫dy &= ∫f '(X)dx

Y &= f(x) is our solution

Ist Formula of Integration (1st Rule of Integration)

Indefinite Integration:

Ist Formula of Integration (Ist Rule of Integration):

Let

    \[ \int dy = \int x^n dx \]

    \[ y = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C \]

Why ``C'':

In the process of differentiation, we eliminate constant, as the derivative of a constant is “zero“.

So, In functions like x^n, x^n + 6, x^n - 3, x^n + k the derivatives of all of them is X^{n-1} , in finding the anti derivative of X^{n-1} we put a constant “C”, as we don’t know which constant was present in the original function, and  can be found If we have initial boundary values (Definite Integral).

Example: Solve \int x^n \, dx

Solution:

    \[ \int dy = \int x^3 dx \]

    \[ y = \frac{x^{3+1}}{3+1} + C \]

    \[ y = \frac{x^{4}}{4} + C \]

Example: Solve

    \[ \int (x^3 + x^2 + 5x + 6) \, dx \]

Solution:

    \[ \int (x^3 + x^2 + 5x + 6) \, dx \]

    \[ \int x^3 \, dx + \int x^2 \, dx + \int 5x \, dx + \int 6 \, dx \]

    \[ \frac{x^4}{4} + \frac{x^3}{3} + \frac{5x^2}{2} + 6x + C \]

Worksheet # 1

Find the Integral of the following:

SET 1 

(1)   \begin{align*} 1. & \quad \int (x^3 - 4x^2 + 5x - 6) \, dx \\ 2. & \quad \int (3x^5 - 4x^3 + 3x^2) \, dx \\ 3. & \quad \int (ax^5 - bx^4) \, dx \\ 4. & \quad \int \left( \frac{x^3}{2} - \frac{5x^4}{3} + 3x^2 \right) \, dx \\ 5. & \quad \int (4\sqrt{3}x^2 - 2x) \, dx \\ 6. & \quad \int \left( 3x + 5x^2 - \frac{x^3}{2} - 0.4x^4 \right) \, dx \\ 7. & \quad \int \left( x(8x - \frac{1}{2}) \right) \, dx \\ 8. & \quad \int (2 - x)(4 + 3x) \, dx \\ 9. & \quad \int \left( x^{-3} + x^{-4} \right) \, dx \\ 10. & \quad \int \left( (2x^3 - 3)(3x^4) \right) \, dx \\ 11. & \quad \int \left( 4x^7 + 3x^{12} - 5x^8 + 2x - 1 \right) \, dx \\ 12. & \quad \int \left( ax^3 - bx^2 + cx - d \right) \, dx \\ 13. & \quad \int \left( \frac{1}{x^3} + \frac{2}{x^2} - 6 \right) \, dx \\ 14. & \quad \int \left( -3x - 8 + 2\sqrt{x} \right) \, dx \\ 15. & \quad \int \left( (x^3 - 5)(2x + 5) \right) \, dx \\ 16. & \quad \int \left( 7x - 6 + 5\sqrt{x} \right) \, dx \end{align*}

Online Tuition

Tuition Pakistan

Online Tutor Pakistan

Al-Saudia Virtual Academy

Mathematics Notes

Mathematics Notes

Call Us: +92-332-3343253

Skype Id: ascc576

Email at: info@pakistanonlinetuition.com

Mathematics Notes: Optimized for Effective Learning

Mathematics Notes

Comprehensive Calculus Notes:

Our online Mathematics notes offer a comprehensive coverage of Calculus, ensuring a deep understanding of concepts like derivatives, integrals, and limits. These notes facilitate active learning and foster problem-solving skills.

Statistical Insights:

Our online Statistics notes equip students with the knowledge needed to analyze and interpret data effectively.

.Component and Defination of Mathematical Terms:

1.Sets
2.Complex Numbers
3.Quadratic Equations
3.Systems of Two Equations
4.Matrices

Determinants and Inverse Matrices
Groups
Sequence and Series
Permutations and Combinations
Introduction to Probability
Mathematical Induction
The Binomial Theorem
Fundamental Trigonometry
Trigonometric Identities
Trigonometric Functions
Solutions of Triangles
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
and Trigonometric equations
Orthogonal Trajectory

.

SETS

A set is a well-defined collection of distinct objects, considered as an object in its own right. The objects in a set are called elements or members of the set. Sets usually denote by capital letters, and we list their elements within curly braces, like this: A = {1, 2, 3, 4}.

Definition:

A set is a collection of distinct elements, typically written as: A={a1,a2,a3,… } where a1,a2,a3 are the elements of the set A. If an element belongs to a set, we say it is a member of the set, and this is denoted by x∈A if is an element of .

Types of Sets:

  1. Finite Set: A set with a limited number of elements.
    Example: B={2,4,6}
  2. Infinite Set: A set with an unlimited number of elements.
    Example: C={1,2,3,… }
  3. Subset: A set where all elements of one set are contained in another.
    Example: D⊆B
  4. Universal Set: The set that contains all objects under consideration, usually denoted by U.
  5. Empty Set (Null Set): A set that contains no elements, denoted by ∅.
    Example: E={ }
  6. Power Set: The set of all subsets of a set, including the empty set and the set itself.
    Example: Power set of A={1,2} is P(A)={∅,{1},{2},{1,2}}
  7. Equal Sets: Two sets are  equal if they have exactly the same elements.
    Example: {1,2}={2,1}
  8. Union of Sets: The set containing all elements from both sets. A={1,2,3) & B={2,4,6)
    Example: A∪B={1,2,3,4,6}
  9. Intersection of Sets: The set containing only elements common to both sets.
    Example: A∩B={2}

Applications of Sets:

Engineering:

Sets are crucial in computer science, particularly in the development of algorithms, data structures, and databases. Engineers also use sets to model systems, solve optimization problems, and perform operations like union and intersection for network analysis and circuit design.

Mathematics:

In mathematics, sets form the foundation for various concepts such as probability, calculus, and geometry. Set theory is used in solving complex problems, formulating proofs, and understanding functions.

Economics:

Sets help in analyzing data, consumer behavior, and market segmentation. Economists use sets to categorize and analyze different populations and to study the overlap and intersection of markets.

Physics:

In physics, sets are applied in quantum mechanics and relativity theory. Sets describe physical quantities, particle systems, and the union of various physical states.

Computer Science:

In programming, sets are used to manage collections of data, solve problems related to databases, and execute operations such as searching, sorting, and filtering.

Got Top

.

Complex Numbers:

Definition, Operations, and Applications

Complex numbers extend the concept of real numbers to include solutions to equations that do not have real solutions, such as the square root of negative numbers. They are essential in various fields of mathematics and engineering.

Definition

A  complex number is a number of the form:

    \[ z = a + bi \]

where:

a is the real part of the complex number,
b is the imaginary part,
i is the imaginary unit, defined as i = \sqrt{-1}.

For example, in the complex number 3 + 4i, 3 is the real part and 4 is the imaginary part.

Basic Operations

1. Addition: To add two complex numbers, add their real parts and imaginary parts separately.

    \[ (a + bi) + (c + di) = (a + c) + (b + d)i \]

2. Subtraction: To subtract two complex numbers, subtract their real parts and imaginary parts separately.

    \[ (a + bi) - (c + di) = (a - c) + (b - d)i \]

3. Multiplication: To multiply two complex numbers, use the distributive property and apply the fact that i^2 = -1.

    \[ (a + bi)(c + di) = (ac - bd) + (ad + bc)i \]

4. Division: To divide two complex numbers, multiply the numerator and the denominator by the conjugate of the denominator.

    \[ \frac{a + bi}{c + di} = \frac{(a + bi)(c - di)}{c^2 + d^2} = \frac{(ac + bd) + (bc - ad)i}{c^2 + d^2} \]

5. Conjugate: The conjugate of a complex number a + bi is a - bi. Conjugates are useful in division and finding magnitudes.

    \[ Conjugate  of (a + bi) = a - bi \]

6. Magnitude: The magnitude (or modulus) of a complex number a + bi is given by:

    \[ |a + bi| = \sqrt{a^2 + b^2} \]

7. Argument: The argument (or angle) of a complex number a + bi is the angle \theta such that:

    \[ \theta = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right) \]

Polar Form of Complex Numbers

A complex number can be represented in the form

    \[z = a + bi\]

, where a is the real part of the complex number,
b is the imaginary part,
i is the imaginary unit, defined as i = \sqrt{-1}.

A complex number z can be expressed in polar form as:

    \[ z = r \left( \cos \theta + i \sin \theta \right) \]

where r is the magnitude (or modulus) of the complex number, given by

    \[ r = |z| = \sqrt{x^2 + y^2} \]

and \theta is the argument (or angle) of the complex number, measured from the positive x-axis, given by

    \[ \theta = \arg(z) = \tan^{-1} \left( \frac{y}{x} \right) \]

Euler’s Form of Complex Numbers

Euler’s formula relates complex exponentials to trigonometric functions:

Alternatively, the polar form can also be written using Euler’s formula as:

    \[ z = r e^{i \theta} \]

This is a more compact and elegant way of expressing the polar form. Here,

    \[ e^{i \theta} \]

represents the complex exponential, and \theta is the argument of the complex number. This form is particularly useful for multiplication, division, and finding powers and roots of complex numbers.

Examples 1:

Convert

    \[ z = 3 + 4i \]

into Polar & Euler’s For

To convert into polar form:

Magnitude:

    \[ r = \sqrt{3^2 + 4^2} = 5 \]

The argument \theta is:

    \[ \theta = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{4}{3}\right) \approx 53.13^\circ \]

Thus, the polar form is:

    \[ z = 5 \left(\cos{53.13^\circ} + i \sin{53.13^\circ}\right) \]

In Euler’s form:

    \[ z = 5 e^{i 53.13^\circ} \]

Examples 2:

Convert

    \[ z = -1 + i \]

into Polar & Euler’s For

To convert into polar form:

Magnitude:

    \[ r = \sqrt{-1^2 + 1^2} = \sqrt{2} \]

Argument:

    \[\theta = \tan^{-1}(1 / -1) = 135^\circ \, \text{or} \, \pi=\ - \frac{\pi}{4}\]

Polar form:

    \[z = \sqrt{2} (\cos{135^\circ} + i \sin{135^\circ})\]

Euler’s Form

    \[ z = \sqrt{2} e^{i 135^\circ} \]

Derivation of Euler’s Form:

Euler’s form of a complex number provides a powerful and elegant way to represent complex numbers using exponential functions. Here’s a step-by-step explanation of Euler’s form and how it is derived from the polar form using the expansions of cosine and sine.

Euler’s Form of a Complex Number

Euler’s form of a complex number is given by:

    \[ z = r e^{i \theta} \]

where:

  • is the magnitude of the complex number.
  • \theta is the argument (angle) of the complex number.
  • e^{i\theta} is the exponential function involving the imaginary unit ii.

Derivation from Polar Form

Start with the Polar Form:The polar form of a complex number  is expressed as:

    \[z=r(cos⁡θ+isin⁡θ)\]

where:

    • is the magnitude of the complex number.
    • \theta is the argument or angle.

Use Euler’s Formula:Euler’s formula states that:

    \[z = cos⁡θ+isin⁡θ \]

is equal

    \[z = e^{i\theta}\]

 This is a fundamental result in complex analysis and connects exponential functions with trigonometric functions.

Substitute Euler’s Formula into the Polar Form:

To express the polar form in terms of Euler’s formula, substitute Euler’s formula into the polar form expression:

    \[z=r(cos⁡θ+isin⁡θ)\]

can be written as:

    \[z = r e^{i\theta}\]

This substitution uses the fact that

    \[e^{i\theta}\]

can be expanded as

    \[cos{\theta} + i \sin{\theta}\]

.

Expansion of Cosine and Sine

To see this more clearly, let’s expand

    \[e^{i\theta}\]

 using its Taylor series:

    • Taylor Series for

          \[e^{i\theta}\]

      :

    \[e^{i\theta} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(i\theta)^n}{n!}\]

Expanding

    \[(i\theta)^n\]

=

    \[i^n\theta^n\]

So:

    \[e^{i\theta} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{i^n\theta^n}{n!}\]

  • Separate Real and Imaginary Parts:

To separate the real and imaginary parts, recall that:

    \[ i^n = \begin{cases} 1 \quad \text{if } n \mod 4 = 0 \\ i \quad \text{if } n \mod 4 = 1 \\ -1 \quad \text{if } n \mod 4 = 2 \\ -i \quad \text{if } n \mod 4 = 3 \end{cases} \]

Grouping terms:

Real Part:

    \[ \text{Re}(e^{i\theta}) = \sum_{\text{n even}} \frac{(-1)^{n/2} \theta^n}{n!} = \cos{\theta} \]

Imaginary Part:

    \[ \text{Im}(e^{i\theta}) = \sum_{\text{n odd}} \frac{(-1)^{(n-1)/2} \theta^n}{n!} = \sin{\theta} \]

Hence, combining these:

    \[ e^{i\theta} = \cos{\theta} + i \sin{\theta} \]

WorkSheets On Complex Number

Convert Cartesian form into Polar & Euler’s Form

  • Convert z = 2 + 3i into polar form.
  • Convert z=−4+5i into Euler’s form.
  • Find the polar form of z=5+12i.
  • Convert z=−6+8i to Euler’s form.
  • Express z=1+i in polar form.
  • Find the Euler’s form of z=−3+4i.
  • Convert z=−2−3i into polar form.
  • Convert z=7−5i to Euler’s form.
  • Express z=8+6i in polar form.
  • Find the polar form of z=9+7i.
  • Convert z=−3+3i to Euler’s form.
  • Express z=4−4i in polar form.
  • Find the polar form of z=−5−2i.
  • Convert z=6+2i into Euler’s form.
  • Express z=−2+6i in polar form.
More Question:
  • Convert z=10−10i to Euler’s form.
  • Find the polar form of z=3+3i.
  • Convert z=−7+3i to Euler’s form.
  • Express z=−6+9i in polar form.
  • Find the Euler’s form of z=1−i.
  • Convert z=0+5i to polar form.
  • Convert z=4−3i into Euler’s form.
  • Find the polar form of z=−3−5i.
  • Convert z=−7+4i to Euler’s form.
  • Express z=2−5i in polar form.
  • Find the polar form of z=9+3i.
  • Convert z=−6+6i to Euler’s form.
  • Express z=−5+2i in polar form.
  • Find the Euler’s form of z=7+7i.
  • Convert z=3+5i to polar form.

Convert Polar & Euler’s form into   Cartesian Form

  • z = 4(\cos 30^\circ + i \sin 30^\circ), convert to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 6e^{i\frac{\pi}{6}} into Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 5(\cos 60^\circ + i \sin 60^\circ) to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 7e^{i\frac{\pi}{4}} to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 3(\cos 45^\circ + i \sin 45^\circ) to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 2e^{i\frac{\pi}{3}} to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 8(\cos 90^\circ + i \sin 90^\circ) to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 10e^{i\frac{\pi}{2}} to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 12(\cos 135^\circ + i \sin 135^\circ)to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 4e^{i\frac{\pi}{4}} to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 9(\cos 120^\circ + i \sin 120^\circ) to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 5e^{i\frac{\pi}{3}} to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 6(\cos 150^\circ + i \sin 150^\circ) to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 7e^{i\frac{5\pi}{6}} to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 8(\cos 180^\circ + i \sin 180^\circ) to Cartesian form.
More Question
  • Convert z = 10e^{i\frac{\pi}{1}} to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 4(\cos 210^\circ + i \sin 210^\circ) to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 3e^{i\frac{7\pi}{6}} to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 2(\cos 240^\circ + i \sin 240^\circ) to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 6e^{i\frac{4\pi}{3}} to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 7(\cos 270^\circ + i \sin 270^\circ) to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 5e^{i\frac{3\pi}{2}} to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 8(\cos 300^\circ + i \sin 300^\circ) to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 9e^{i\frac{5\pi}{3}} to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z= 12(\cos 330^\circ + i \sin 330^\circ) to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 11e^{i\frac{11\pi}{6}} to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 13(\cos 360^\circ + i \sin 360^\circ) to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 14e^{i2\pi}}
  • Convert z = 15(\cos 45^\circ + i \sin 45^\circ) to Cartesian form.
  • Convert z = 16e^{i\frac{\pi}{6}} to Cartesian form.

Applications

1. Engineering:

Complex numbers are used in electrical engineering to analyze AC circuits, where they represent impedance and phase relationships. They simplify the analysis of alternating current (AC) signals and circuits.

2. Control Systems:

In control theory, complex numbers are used to describe system dynamics and stability. The poles and zeros of transfer functions are complex numbers that help in designing and analyzing control systems.

3. Signal Processing:

Complex numbers are employed in signal processing to handle frequency domain analysis. Fourier transforms and filters often use complex numbers to analyze and manipulate signals.

4. Physics:

Complex numbers are essential in quantum mechanics, where they describe wave functions and probability amplitudes. The Schrödinger equation, a fundamental equation in quantum mechanics, uses complex numbers.

5. Mathematics:

Complex numbers are used in various branches of mathematics, including complex analysis, which studies functions of complex variables. They also appear in solutions to polynomial equations and many areas of applied mathematics.

6. Computer Graphics:

In computer graphics, complex numbers are used for transformations and rotations. They help in manipulating images and performing geometric transformations efficiently.

Complex numbers provide a powerful framework for solving problems that cannot be addressed with real numbers alone, making them an indispensable tool in mathematics and engineering.

Got Top
.

Introduction to Quadratic Equations

A quadratic equation is a second-degree polynomial equation in a single variable , with the general form:

ax^2 + bx + c = 0 where a, b, and c are constants, and a \neq 0. The term “quadratic” comes from “quad,” meaning square, since the highest exponent of the variable is 2.

Uses and Applications of Quadratic Equations

Quadratic equations are used in various fields, including:

Physics: To describe projectile motion, the trajectory of an object can be modeled using quadratic equations.

Engineering: In structural engineering, quadratic equations help calculate loads, tensions, and forces.

Economics: They are used in cost, profit, and revenue functions, particularly in finding maximum or minimum values.

Biology: Quadratic equations help model population growth, the spread of diseases, or other natural phenomena.
Geometry: These equations are used in determining areas, and for working with parabolas and ellipses.

Quadratic Expressions and Quadratic Equations

Method of Solving Quadratic Expressions ax^2+bx+c, a \neq 0

1.Factorisation Method:

The goal is to express the quadratic expression in the form of two binomials:

    \[ ax^2 + bx + c = (px + q)(rx + s) \]

where p, q, r, and s are constants, and the equation is solved by finding appropriate factors of a \times c.

2. Completing the Square Method:

To solve the quadratic expression, we can complete the square as follows:

    \[ ax^2 + bx + c = a\left( x^2 + \frac{b}{a}x \right) + c \]

The next step is to add and subtract a term to make a perfect square trinomial:

    \[ x^2 + \frac{b}{a}x + \left( \frac{b}{2a} \right)^2 - \left( \frac{b}{2a} \right)^2 \]

After simplifying, we can rewrite it as:

    \[ \left( x + \frac{b}{2a} \right)^2 - \text{constant} \]

3. Quadratic Formula:

The quadratic formula is:

    \[ x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a} \]

This method can be used for any quadratic equation to find its roots directly.

Factorisation Based on the Value of a and the Sign of c

In solving quadratic equations, it is important to consider the value of a and the sign of c.

CASE 1:

If a = 1, we check the sign of c.

If c is positive, both factors have the same sign as b, and their sum equals b.

Example:

    \[ x^2 + 7x + 12 = 0 \]

First, find factors of 12:

    \[ (1, 12), (2, 6), (3, 4) \]

Since 3 + 4 = 7, we split 7x into 3x and 4x, so the equation becomes:

    \[ x^2 + 3x + 4x + 12 = 0 \]

Now, factor:

    \[ x(x + 3) + 4(x + 3) = 0 \]

Thus:

    \[ (x + 3)(x + 4) = 0 \]

Setting each factor equal to zero:

    \[ x + 3 = 0 \quad \text{or} \quad x + 4 = 0 \]

So, the solutions are:

    \[ x = -3 \quad \text{and} \quad x = -4 \]

Similarly we can solve x^2 - 7x +12 =0

Case II:

if c is negative, factors subtracted and have different signs, the large factor keep the sign of b.

for example x^2 - x -12, in this case we need to find the factors of 12, which when subtracted give us -1, so again the difference of 4 and 3 is 1, but we put - sign with 4 nd split  -x as -4x and + 3x. now the equation becomes

x^2 -4x + 3x -12

(x -4)(x +3)

x-4 =0 and x+3=0

therefore the solution of the above equation are +4 and -3.

If a \neq 0

we first multiply a  and c  and the factorize the value of ac, repeat the case I and case II accordingly.

Quadratic Equation Questions

1. Solve the quadratic equation: x^2 - 4x - 5 = 0.
2. Solve the quadratic equation: 2x^2 + 3x - 2 = 0.
3. Find the roots of x^2 - 9 = 0.
4. Factor and solve: x^2 + 6x + 9 = 0.
5. Solve for x: 3x^2 - 2x - 8 = 0.
6. What are the solutions to x^2 + 4x + 4 = 0?
7. Solve by completing the square: x^2 - 6x + 5 = 0.
8. Use the quadratic formula to solve: x^2 - 7x + 10 = 0.
9. Solve the equation: 4x^2 - 12x + 9 = 0.
10. Solve x^2 + 8x + 16 = 0 by factoring.
11. Solve x^2 - 2x - 3 = 0 using the quadratic formula.
12. Find the roots of 5x^2 - 20x + 15 = 0.
13. Solve 3x^2 + 2x - 8 = 0 by completing the square.
14. Factor and solve x^2 - 16 = 0.
15. Solve 6x^2 - x - 1 = 0 using the quadratic formula.
16. Solve for x: x^2 + 5x + 6 = 0.
17. Find the solutions to x^2 - 25 = 0.
18. Solve 7x^2 + 14x + 7 = 0 by factoring.
19. What are the roots of 9x^2 - 24x + 16 = 0?
20. Solve 2x^2 - 10x + 12 = 0 using the quadratic formula.

Got Top
.

Methods Of Solving System of Two Linear Equations

solving a system of two linear equations. There are three main methods to solve such systems:

  • Substitution,
  • Elimination, and
  • Graphical Method.
  • Matrix Method

Substitution Method

Explanation:
In the substitution method, we solve one equation for one variable and substitute that expression into the other equation to find the value of the second variable.

Steps:

Solve one equation for one variable in terms of the other (e.g., solve for
𝑥 or 𝑦.
Substitute the expression into the other equation.
Solve for the second variable.
Use this value to find the first variable.

Example:
Solve the system of equations:

    \begin{align*} x + y &= 7 \quad \text{......(1)} \\ 2x - y &= 4 \quad \text{......(2)}\\ \end{align*}

Step 1: Solve equation 1 for y:

    \begin{align*}y &= 7 - x \quad\text{......(3)}\\ \end{align*}

Step 2: Substitute  y &= 7 - x  into equation (2)

    \begin{align*}2x-(7-x) &= 4\\ \end{align*}

Step 3: Solve for  x:

    \begin{align*}2x-7+x &= 4\\ 3x - 7 &= 4 \\ 3x &= 11 \\ x &= \frac{11}{3} \end{align*}

Step 4: Put the value of x in eq (1)

    \begin{align*}x+y &= 7\\ y+ \frac{11}{3}&=7\\ y &= 7 - \frac{11}{3}\\ y &= \frac{10}{3} \end{align*}

The solution is:​

    \begin{align*}x &= \frac{11}{3}\\ y&=\frac{10}{3}\\ \end{align*}

Substitution Method: 10 Practice Questions

    \begin{align*} 2x + y &= 5 \quad \text{......(1)} \\ x - y &= 1 \quad \text{......(2)} \end{align*}

    \begin{align*} x + 3y &= 7 \quad \text{......(1)} \\ 2x - y &= 4 \quad \text{......(2)} \end{align*}

    \begin{align*} x + y &= 3 \quad \text{......(1)} \\ x - 3y &= 5 \quad \text{......(2)} \end{align*}

    \begin{align*} x + y &= 3 \quad \text{......(1)} \\ 3x + y &= 9 \quad \text{......(2)} \end{align*}

    \begin{align*} 4x + y &= 10 \quad \text{......(1)} \\ 2x - y &= 3 \quad \text{......(2)} \end{align*}

    \begin{align*} x + 2y &= 8 \quad \text{......(1)} \\ 3x - y &= 7 \quad \text{......(2)} \end{align*}

    \begin{align*} 5x - y &= 11 \quad \text{......(1)} \\ 2x + y &= 4 \quad \text{......(2)} \end{align*}

    \begin{align*} x + y &= 6 \quad \text{......(1)} \\ 4x - y &= 9 \quad \text{......(2)} \end{align*}

    \begin{align*} 3x - 2y &= 5 \quad \text{......(1)} \\ x + y &= 4 \quad \text{......(2)} \end{align*}

    \begin{align*} 3x - 2y &= 5 \quad \text{......(1)} \\ x + y &= 4 \quad \text{......(2)} \end{align*}

    \begin{align*} 2x + 3y &= 12 \quad \text{......(1)} \\ x - y &= 2 \quad \text{......(2)} \end{align*}

    \begin{align*} 2x + 3y &= 12 \quad \text{......(1)} \\ x - y &= 2 \quad \text{......(2)} \end{align*}

    \begin{align*} 4x - y &= 2 \quad \text{......(1)} \\ x + 2y &= 5 \quad \text{......(2)} \end{align*}

Continue reading Mathematics Notes